Part 0 — Foundations of AI Systems

Thesis of the part. Before discussing LLMs, RAG, agents, MCP or A2A, we need a shared foundation about what we are building. This part establishes the vocabulary that appears throughout the rest of the book: model vs product vs system, probabilistic vs deterministic, AI as a sociotechnical system, demo vs production, control vs mitigation, and the architectural decision matrix that guides the choices in the following parts. It closes by introducing the "Hermes Logística" case study, which reappears throughout the book as grounding.